ABSTRACT
Background: Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, leading to vision loss. The elevated blood sugar levels in diabetes and high blood pressure in hypertension can both contribute to the development and progression of glaucoma. Effective management of both diabetes and hypertension can also help to reduce the risk of developing glaucoma. The aim of this study is to assess the evaluation of glaucoma in patients with diabetes and hypertension. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in the admitted and outpatient department (OPD) patients in the Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Sirajul Islam Medical College and Hospital Ltd, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2021 to December 2022. Total 160 patients with glaucoma were included in this study. Results: In our study, mean (±SD) age of the study subject were 50.5±9.25 years. Majority of the patients had (27.5%) followed by 22 (13.8%) had diabetes and 14 (8.8%) had both. For the group with DM and HTN, the mean IOP was 16.25 with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of 13.25 to 18.43, mean HVFA was -9.12 with a 95% CI of -16.78 to -1.31 and mean CDR was 0.69 with a 95% CI of 0.55 to 0.82. For the group without DM and HTN, the mean IOP was 15.62 with a 95% CI of 14.83 to 16.35, mean HVFA was -5.01 with a 95% CI of -5.86 to -3.75 and mean CDR for this group was 0.60 with a 95% CI of 0.53 to 0.68. In the patients with DM and HTN group, there are 13 patients (13.8%) with moderate/severe VFD and 1 patient (1.1%) with mild VFD. In the patients without DM and HTN group, there are 26 patients (26.7%) with moderate/severe VFD and 54 patients (57.4%) with mild VFD. There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between the groups both moderate/severe and mild VFD. Conclusion: We determined that patients with HTN and DM had a greater extreme structure of glaucoma when in compared with the patients besides these risk factors. Hypertension was more common than diabetes.
ABSTRACT
The Honeybee (Apis mellifera) is one of the world’s most beneficial insects, as it plays a critical role in many terrestrial ecosystems. The use of honeybee products has been documented for thousands of years in many cultures for the treatment of human diseases, and their healing properties have been documented in many religious texts. The present study sets out to compile information on the history, chemical composition and scientific evidence concerning bee venom research. The promising bioactivities have the potential to provide practical directions for further investigation. PubMed database, Google Scholar Library, research articles, books, and relevant web pages have been accessed to accumulate data so that the updated information included in this study is as current as possible. At least 18 pharmacologically active components including various enzymes, peptides, and amines are present in bee venom. Medicinal use of bee venom therapy wields significant in vivo and in vitro outcomes to some extent mitigate the effects of Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, HIV, arthritis, liver fibrosis, cancer, tumors, fibrotic diseases, Lyme disease, etc. The effects of bee venom were the first documented in 1888 with the publication of a European clinical study conducted on its impact on rheumatism. According to a study published in the journal, bee venom has been used to treat various conditions for centuries. Such research activities confirm the therapeutic effectiveness of bee venom and as a potential future biomedicine.
ABSTRACT
Management of permanent tooth avulsion often challenging for dental practitioner, as avulsion resulting complete exfoliation of tooth from its socket, is usually associated with damage to the supporting structures. Managing the edentulous area to improve aesthetics, phonetics, function is better achieved by replanting the avulsed tooth rather than prosthesis. This article report a case avulsed tooth management of 12-year-old-girl due to accidental knocked out of both central incisors. Immediate after injuries patient report to the emergency department over phone and asked to collect and keep the avulsed tooth sinking into milk. Patient was managed by dentist within 60 minutes of the accident and have follow-up by radiologically and clinically 1 year post accident. Replantation of tooth immediate after avulsion can be managed by replantation into its socket.